World beyond Sub-Micron

The number of Transistors per IC has increased from a few to 55 million. All IC chips consists of numerous wafers containing little transistors, which are the basic building block of ICs. these transistors consist of a doped area and a gate.
If the length of the gate of the smallest transistor in a chip measures less than one micron,the chip is said to follow the sub-micron technology. If the gate length is smaller than 100nm, it is said to follow deep sub-micron technology. The narrower the gate, the faster the switching speed of the transistor.This increase the maximum clock speed of the CMOS chip.
This has introduced a wide range of design challenges,like accurate modeling of ICs etc. Bcoz of this the system designers have to deal with nano scale devices that have less than ideal characteristics, very high operation speeds and data transmission rate, and system level integration of analog and digital functions.to successfully deal with this trend, designers use Electronic Design Automation tools as well as modeling kits.
nowadays deep sub-micron transistors have a boom in demand,while sub-micron technology has been widely commercialized.
So the world beyond the sub-micron technology is ahead of us.